Poker Push/Fold Chart

• Four playable actions: Open shove (you act first, shove or fold), Call shove (someone shoved at you, call or fold), HU push (heads-up, you're on the button), HU call (heads-up, the button shoved at you)
• Four payout scenarios for multi-way play: Chip-EV (cash-game math, no payout ladder), Final Table (standard 9-handed payouts), Money Bubble (one off the money, busting is catastrophic), Satellite (top five seats get equal payout)
• Cell colors: green means shove, gray means break-even (a coin-flip where shoving and folding earn the same), empty means fold.
• Positions: UTG, UTG+1, UTG+2, LJ, HJ, CO, BTN, SB (plus BB as a calling seat)
• Stack depths: 1 to 25 big blinds
• Ante variants: no ante, 10%, 12.5%, big blind ante

The chart is built from a custom solver. It deals out millions of hands and converges on the equilibrium strategy, the one where no player can do better by changing their plan. It models real multi-way play, where several players can wake up with a hand behind you. Many published charts skip this and assume only one caller. For the tournament scenarios it uses the standard tournament-equity model (Malmuth-Harville) and prices in the real cost of busting, not just the chips you would win. The heads-up output matches the reference HoldemResources data to within half a percent.

Some hands sit right on the line between shoving and folding. Both plays earn almost exactly the same, so there is no single correct frequency. Solve the same spot twice and the hand can swing from a 40% shove to a 70% shove with no real cost either way. We find these by solving every spot multiple times with independent randomness and flagging the hands whose frequency is unstable across runs. Rather than print a misleading exact percentage, we color them gray. Treat a gray hand as a free choice: shove it or fold it, neither is a mistake.

In a cash game a chip is a chip. In a tournament the chips you can lose are worth more than the chips you can win, because busting ends your run. The three tournament scenarios (Final Table, Money Bubble, Satellite) account for this. The effect is not simply "play tighter everywhere." It depends on who is taking the risk:

• Calling a shove risks your whole stack, so calling ranges get a lot tighter under payout pressure. The more brutal the spot (bubble, then satellite), the tighter the call.
• Open-shoving usually just wins the blinds and antes, which is low risk. When the players behind you are forced to fold more often, shoving gets cheaper, so a first-in shove range can get wider than the cash-game version, not tighter.

Satellite spots show this most clearly. When a min-cash locks up a seat, big stacks almost never call off, so the short stacks can jam very wide. If a range surprises you by being looser than chip-EV, that is usually why. Use the compare to chip-EV toggle to see exactly which hands the payout structure adds or removes.

• Action picker: switches what the chart shows. Call shove reveals a "Shover position" picker so you can pick who shoved at you. Heads-up modes lock position to SB or BB.
• Scenario picker: chip-EV vs the three ICM scenarios. Multi-way only; heads-up modes are always chip-EV.
• Position and ante selectors: who hero is at the table and how much dead money is in the pot.
• Effective stack: slider, number input, or quick-select grid (1-15 by default, expandable to 16-30). All three stay in sync.
• Hand lookup: collapsible panel. Type a hand (A9s, TT, AKo) or use the rank dropdowns and suited toggle. Shows the recommended action for that exact hand.
• Focus mode: hides the site nav, page header, and About section so only the chart is on screen. Press Esc or click the Exit focus pill to return.
• risky shoves overlay (open shove and HU push, chip-EV with no ante): paints in amber the shoves that only profit when opponents fold sometimes. The remaining green cells are strong enough that they print regardless of whether opponents call. It hides under ICM scenarios and antes, where its chip-EV, no-ante math no longer holds.
• gets called overlay: red ring on shoves that a seat behind you calls at this stack depth (the union of every caller's range, so SB and BB are both covered on a Button open). A header chip shows the combined calling percentage, and the details panel breaks it down per seat.
• compare to chip-EV (ICM scenarios only): marks where the payout structure changes the play. One color flags hands you'd shove in a cash game but should fold here (busting costs real money), and another flags hands the payout pressure lets you add. See "How ICM changes the ranges" above for why some spots get wider, not tighter.
• Copy range: copies the spot's hand list (the comma-separated text under the grid) to your clipboard.

• ICM math assumes everyone starts with the same stack. Real tournaments have uneven stacks, and the heaviest ICM pressure happens when you're short while others are deep. That's planned.
• Doesn't model how a specific opponent plays. The chart assumes everyone plays the math-perfect response. Against a player who calls too much, you should tighten up beyond what the chart shows.
• Action-folds-to-you only. If anyone has already limped, raised, or otherwise put money in voluntarily, this chart does not apply.
• In multiway spots, each seat behind is modeled as deciding independently, without conditioning on the players who acted before them. So three-plus-way pots are a close approximation, not an exact multiway equilibrium.
• Stacks 16 to 25 BB are included as a reference, but in practice players open-raise at those depths instead of shoving. The numbers are correct math for a pure shove-or-fold tree, not a recommendation to actually go all-in with 25 BB.
• No bounty or progressive-knockout adjustments.
• Preflop only. No flop, turn, or river guidance.

• Chart cross-check against the free push/fold charts at pokercoaching.com/push-fold-charts . Ranges match to within ~2% at typical 7-15 BB stacks. Differences come from our solver computing exact multi-way Nash rather than the single-caller heuristic many charts use, plus a handful of hands we mark break-even where simpler charts round the coin-flip to a shove.
• Sklansky-Chubukov thresholds: David Sklansky and Victor Chubukov rankings, as tabulated at primedope.com (original analysis in Sklansky, "No Limit Hold'em: Theory and Practice")
• BB calling-range validation: HoldemResources HUNE raw equilibrium data, holdemresources.net/hune